Technology law · Crypto

The legal framework for crypto-assets
no longer allows improvisation.

The MiCA Regulation is in force. We advise blockchain projects, exchanges, wallets and companies that issue or manage crypto-assets in Europe.

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What we advise on

Legal advice
for the entire crypto ecosystem

  • Classification of crypto-assets under the MiCA Regulation
  • Registration as a CASP (Crypto-Asset Service Provider)
  • Token issuance: utility tokens, e-money tokens, asset-referenced
  • Whitepapers and regulatory documentation
  • Anti-money laundering compliance (SEPBLAC)
  • Blockchain protocol agreements and smart contracts
  • NFTs: legal structure, copyright and licences
  • DAOs: legal structuring and tax implications
  • DeFi: liability analysis and regulatory compliance
  • Tax aspects of cryptocurrency transactions
MiCA Regulation

Three types of crypto-asset
with different obligations

The MiCA Regulation (Markets in Crypto-Assets) classifies crypto-assets into three categories with different authorisation and supervision requirements.

E-money tokens (EMT)

Tokens pegged to a fiat currency (stablecoins such as USDC). They require authorisation as an electronic money or credit institution.

Heightened regulatory supervision

Asset-referenced tokens (ART)

Tokens pegged to other assets such as metals, currencies or baskets of assets. They require an approved whitepaper and a demonstrated reserve fund.

Prior authorisation mandatory

Utility tokens and others

Tokens granting access to services or platforms. Lighter obligations, but they require a published whitepaper and anti-money laundering compliance.

Notification to the CNMV/Bank of Spain

Common cases

Real situations
we handle

CASP registration

Exchanges, wallets and crypto investment platforms must register with the Bank of Spain. We handle the whole process and the required documentation.

Token launch (TGE)

We analyse the legal nature of the token, whether it must be treated as a transferable security, and draft the whitepaper and the project's legal documentation.

NFTs and digital collections

We structure the intellectual property rights, usage licences, resale conditions and taxation of NFT collections and their associated platforms.

Crypto taxation

We advise on declaring capital gains, the obligation to report balances on foreign exchanges (Form 721) and tax planning for crypto portfolios.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions
about blockchain and crypto-assets

What is the legal framework for blockchain and crypto-assets in Spain?
It is governed by the Securities Market Act and the MiCA Regulation, which regulate the issuance, custody and services relating to digital assets.
What is MiCA and how does it affect my project?
It is the European regulation that unifies the rules for issuers and providers of crypto-asset services, requiring licences and transparency.
Are smart contracts legally valid?
Yes, they are enforceable agreements as long as they meet the Civil Code requirements of consent, subject matter and cause, even though their execution is automated.
What are the tax implications of crypto-assets?
They are subject to personal income tax (capital gains), Wealth Tax and, in certain cases, VAT and reporting forms such as Form 721.
Can you advise on a token or Web3 project?
Yes, we analyse the legal nature of the token (utility, security or NFT) and design the legal structure to comply with financial regulations.
Working on a blockchain project?

Tell us where you are.
We guide you from the very first step.

Whether you are a seed-stage project, an established company looking to tokenise assets or an investor with gains to declare, we have specific experience with your case.

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